It was formerly known as the capital city of the ancient Kingdom of Srivijaya. Srivijaya or Sriwijaya was a powerful ancient Malay kingdom on the island of Sumatra, modern day Indonesia, which influenced much of Southeast Asia. The earliest solid proof of its existence dates from the 7th century; a Chinese monk, I-Tsing, wrote that he visited Srivijaya in 671 for 6 months. The first inscription in which the name Srivijaya appears also dates from the 7th century, namely the Kedukan Bukit Inscription around Palembang in Sumatra, dated 683.
Palembang is the oldest city in Indonesia with a lot of history as a capital of a maritime empire. Located on the Musi River banks on the east coast of southern Sumatra island, it has an area of 400,61 square kilometres and a population of 1.441.500. Palembang is the second-largest city in Sumatra after Medan and the seventh-largest city in Indonesia.
Palembang landmarks include the Ampera bridge and the Musi River which divides the city into two, Seberang Ilir to the north and Seberang Ulu to the south. The Seberang Ilir is the economic and cultural centre and the Seberang Ulu is the political centre. The city was once the capital of the ancient, Buddhist kingdom of Srivijaya that controlled a large part of what is now Malaysia and Indonesia. Following a 1025 raid by the Chola Empire (In the period of Emperor Rajendra Chola I) of southern India it began to graduallydecline in importance. S rivijaya's capital eventually moved northward to Jambi. Palembang is also the origin of Parameswara, founder of the Malacca Sultanate.
The architectural legacy of Dutch colonization is still visible in the city. Deep-water port facilities are built along the Musi River, which flows through the city. The naval Battle of Palembang was fought near the city during the Second World War between February 13-February 15, 1942.
Kingdom of Sriwijaya
Hill Kedukan framed inscription AD 682 is the oldest inscription found in Palembang. This inscription tells of a large army coming from Minanga Tamwan with ecstasy. Historians refer to the numbers on this inscription as the birthday of Sriwijaya, Palembang, although the possibility has become the capital of the kingdom prior year. In the period 850 - 1025 AD, is the richest city of Palembang in South East Asia, it is trading in line with the prosperity of Sriwijaya. In addition to the Far East trade center, at this time of Palembang is also the center of Buddhist teaching. The students from China many stopped in this city to study Buddhism in India before continuing. In the year 990, from the Kingdom Medang Apo attacked Palembang. In this attack the royal palace was invaded and destroyed Palembang. Culamanivarmadeva However, the king who ruled at the time, can control the situation and hit back at the troops to return to Java Medang. Palembang is prosperous again under attack from foreigners. Rajendra Chola of the Chola kingdom sacked Palembang in 1025. After destroying the king of Palembang and charming, the troops looted treasure Chola kingdom abundant as the spoils of war.
With this attack the kingdom of the situation which resulted in uncontrolled moving of the capital of Srivijaya to Jambi. Since the move into the city of Palembang just a simple port that does not mean more to foreign traders.
The collapse phase of Sriwijaya
After the collapse of Srivijaya, no major power that controls the town. At that time in Palembang and the surrounding emerging local forces such as the Great Commander in the lower Yellow River Musi, The Trembling Nature group in the hills, the Master and Master Bosai Strong River upstream Histories, Commander Gumay groups along the Bukit Barisan, and so on. In addition, some merchants of China make this city as their trade base. Sea People also made their headquarters Palembang as a pirate. In this phase, Prince emerged last Sriwijaya, Parameswara. Following
the invasion of Majapahit to Palembang, Parameswara with Sang Nila Utama go Tumasik fled. There he killed the governor Tumasik Thai nationals. When the Thai army will attack Tumasik, Parameswara with his followers moved to Malacca in the Malay Peninsula, and established the kingdom of Malacca. Parameswara converted to Islam to marry the daughter of Ocean Pasai and changed his name to Sultan Iskandar Shah. Malacca flourished in the 15th century so that Parameswara became the sole ruler of the Malacca Strait and waters around it, even Palembang finally under his thumb. Phase Sultanate of Palembang Darussalam ultanate of Palembang Destruction of Majapahit in Java indirectly contributed to the result of a long power Pamalayu expedition in Sumatra. Several key figures behind the collapse of Majapahit as Raden Patah, Ario Dillah (Ario Damar), and Pati Unus the figures closely kaitanya with Palembang. After the Sultanate of Demak which is the replacement of Majapahit in Java stand, in Palembang was soon stood well with the Sultanate of Palembang Darussalam "Mukmiminin Khalifatul susuhunan Sayyidu Abddurrahaman Faith" as the first king. This kingdom to marry the two cultures, maritime heritage of the Sriwijaya and Majapahit and agriculture and trade center of the greatest in the Malay Peninsula at the time. One of the most famous king during this period was the Sultan Mahmud Badaruddin II who had won three times in the battle against the European (Dutch and English).
Phase Colonialism
After the fall of the Sultanate of Palembang Darussalam after the defeat of Sultan Mahmud Badaruddin II in heavy fighting involving General de Kock, Palembang almost a subordinate kingdom. Some of the sultan after Sultan Mahmud Badaruddin II which states surrendered to the Dutch, tried to rebel but all failed and ended with the burning of the imperial buildings. After that Palembang was divided into two major prefectures, and settlements in Palembang is divided into regions and Ulu Ilir.
Today
Palembang city have been declared by the President of Indonesia Susilo Bambang Yudhoyono as the "City of Water Tour" on September 27, 2005. The President revealed that the city of Palembang be made water attractions such as Bangkok in Thailand and Phnom Penh in Cambodia. The city of Palembang in 2008 welcomed a tour with the name "Visit Musi2008". Palembang will become one of the host cities of SEA GAMES XXVI 2011.
Geographical Location
Geographically, Palembang is located at 2 ° 59'27 .99 "S 104 ° 45'24.24" longitude. The total area of Palembang City is 102.47 km ² with an average height of 8 meters from the sea surface.
Location of Palembang
is strategic because it passed by the road linking the Trans Sumatra between regions in the island of Sumatra. In addition there are also in Palembang, Musi River, which traversed Ampera Bridge, which serves as a means of transport and trade across regions.
Palembang satellite imagery
Climate It is a tropical climate with relative humidity wind, wind speed ranges from 2.3 km / h - 4.5 km / hour. The temperature ranges of 23.4 to 31.7 degrees Celsius. Annual rainfall ranges from 2000 mm - 3000 mm. Humidity ranged from 75 to 89% with an average of 45% of the sun shines. Land is relatively flat topography and low. Only a small portion of the land area of the city lies in the high places, namely in the northern part of town. Most of the land is so marshy areas during the rainy season the area was inundated. The average altitude of between 0 to 20 mdpl. In 2002 the minimum temperature occurs in the month of October 22.70 C, 24.50 C highest in May. Whereas the lowest maximum temperature of 30.40 C in January and highest in C. Sepetember 34.30 Land is not flooded plains: 49%, seasonally inundated land: 15%, continuously inundated land: 37% and the number of rivers that were still functioning 60 fruit (formerly of 108) the remaining functions as the primary drain. Relative humid tropics, the temperature between 220-320 Celsius, precipitation 22-428 mm / year, tidal influence between 3-5 meters, and height of an average land 12 meters above sea level.
Type of Palembang
layered soil alluvial, clay and sand, lies in the youngest layer, many contain petroleum, which is also known as the valley of Palembang - Jambi. Land is relatively flat and low, which is located fairly high in the north of the city. Some flooded city of Palembang, even more so when there is continuous rain.
Border Area
* North side; with Fortress Base Village, the Village and Village Kenten Spinner, Coconut Talang District, District Banyuasin
* South side; with Lily Village Sub Inderalaya Ogan Ilir and District GELUMBANG Muara Enim
* West side; with Sukajadi Village District Banyuasin Regency Coconut Gutters
* East side; the Central District Makmur Banyuasin I Banyuasin District.
from : http://en.wikipedia.org
